Banks



(No Model.)

C. M. PAIRBANKS.-

` PILE. No. 253,858. Patented Feb. 21,1882. l

WITNEEIEEE. INVENTEIFM Fig. 2 is a view of the reverse side.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.'v

ORAVFORD M. FAIRBANKS, OF PAWTUOKE'I, RHODE ISLAND.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 253,858, dated February 21, 1882.

' Application filed October 10, 1881. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, CRAWFORD M. FAIR- BANKS, of Pawtucket, county of Providence, in the State of Rhode Island, have made certain new and useful Improvements in Files; and I do hereby declare that the following speciication, taken in connection with the drawings making a part of the same, is a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

Figure 1 is a view of one side of the file. Fig. 3 shows the safe edge.

My invention relates to what is known in the market as a safe-edge file. y

It consists in the arrangement of the upper and over cuts, both as to angle and precedence, during process of manufacture, and has for its object the drawing of the ile towardone and the same safe edge without regard to the side of the le used.

In the drawings, A, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, is the safe edge of the tile, which is left smooth, without having any teeth cut thereon, while the other edge, B, is cut as in ordinary tiles.

The ordinaryr flat safe-edge tile now in useis made with two cuts, called respectively an over out77 and an upper out, the former being a heavy cut and the latter a light cut. The over or heavy out is irst made and is put on at an angle with the file-blank. The heavy out would-naturally actuate and control the draw of the le in one direction or another, according to the angle of such over cut to the tile-blank, were it not that the subsequent upper cut destroyed to a great extent such a result through the interruption of the oblique lines. Such a tendency to draw as may remain after the addition of the upper out will carry the le to the right and toward the safe edge when it is used upon one side, and when reversed will carry it in the same direction, but toward the cut edge, which by the reversal has taken the place of the safe edge.

In my invention the file draws in one direction while engaged upon one side and in the opposite direction upon the other, but always toward the safe edge. I make the upper cut the coarse or heavy cut and Athe over cut the tine cut. The upper or heavy cut upon the blank is cut at an angle from left to right from the shank toward the tip C, Fig. 1, upon one side, and from the tip toward the shank D, Fig. 2, upon the reverse. The upper cut on my improved le takes the place of the over cut in the old file at the same angle upon one side, and the upper cut takes the place of the over cut at its own angle upon the reverse. It will now be readily seen that the upper cut will control the draw of the le, and will at all times carry it toward the safe edge. What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The safe-edge tile herein described, having a fine over cut and a coarse upper cut, as and for the purposes specified. v

CRAWFORD M. FAIRBANKS. 

